Showing posts with label Apollo 8. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Apollo 8. Show all posts

Saturday, April 23, 2016

Worldview

Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, published in 1632, compared the staunchly held Ptolemaic system with worldview changing Copernican theory.

Ptolemaic systemThe Universe orbits the Earth
Copernican systemThe Earth orbits the Sun

By 1633 Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems had been put on the Index of Forbidden Books. Commissioned by Ferdinando II de' Medici, Galileo's book was banned because it was "vehemently suspect of heresy".

From the 21st century, this 17th century heresy is a mere historical footnote. Acceptance of the Copernican system marks a plot point in an evolving narrative forming a fundamental human-centric existential construct.
If you could see the earth illuminated when you were in a place as dark as night, it would look to you more splendid than the moon.
— Galileo Galilei

Earth viewed spacecraft circling the moon
source: NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

Human space travel has caused new figurative and literal perspectives of Earth.
It's tiny out there… it's inconsequential. It's ironic that we had come to study the Moon and it was really discovering the Earth.
William Anders, Apollo 8, When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions
One's worldview, the prevailing human-centric existential construct, is updated in fits and starts as we reconcile new information.


REFERENCES

Saturday, October 25, 2014

Earthrise

NASA's unmanned Lunar Orbiter 1 gave us an unprecedented image of Earth rising above the lunar surface in 1966.

Today, 17595 days after the first Earthrise image, the Moon has made 644 trips around Earth.

The Moon orbits Earth every 27.322 days. As the Moon orbits Earth, it synchronously rotates on its axis.

The Moon rotates 360° in 27 days. Because the Moon orbits Earth every 27.322 days, it exposes the same face to an Earthbound observer.

Near Side Far Side

The face of the Moon we see is called the near side. The opposite side is called the far side, or the dark side. Dark side is a misnomer because when the Moon is dark during a new phase, the far side is bathed in sunlight.

31 Moon orbits after the 1966 Lunar Orbiter 1 gave us the iconic image of Earth rising above the lunar horizon, Apollo 8 astronauts were orbiting around the Moon in December 1968.
Earthrise Above Lunar Surface
August 23, 1966
"I happened to glance out of one of the still-clear windows just at the moment the earth appeared over the lunar horizon. It was the most beautiful, heart-catching sight of my life, one that sent a torrent of nostalgia, of sheer homesickness, surging through me. It was the only thing in space that had any color to it."
Frank Borman, Commander of Apollo 8
Firsts

The Apollo 8 astronauts were the first people to leave Earth's orbit; the first people to see the whole Earth; and the first people to see the far side of the Moon.
In space there are countless constellations, suns and planets; we see only the suns because they give light; the planets remain invisible, for they are small and dark. There are also numberless earths circling around their suns.”
Giordano Bruno, Despre infinit univers si lumi, 1584.

REFERENCES

Saturday, August 10, 2013

Views Toward Home

Views of the Earth recorded from interplanetary spacecraft are relatively rare.

Images made from space looking back towards Earth give us a culturally unprecedented perspective on the vast space and flash of time in which we exist.
"Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us."
Carl Sagan
Earthrise, 1968
from Apollo 8
Earthrise

Earthrise is the name of an iconic photograph of the Earth taken during the Apollo 8 moon mission in December 1968. This photograph was made by astronaut William Anders seven months before the first lunar landing.
"The most influential environmental photograph ever taken."
- Galen Rowell, wilderness photographer
This image, recorded at a distance of 240,000 miles, is the first view of earth from an interplanetary spacecraft.

Pale Blue Dot

Pale Blue Dot, 1990
from Voyager 1
Pale Blue Dot is the name of a photograph of Earth taken from a record distance of 3.7 billion miles from our planet by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1990.

The primary mission of Voyager 1 was to leave the solar system, but the unmanned spacecraft was commanded by NASA to turn its camera back to photograph the Earth at the request of cosmologist Carl Sagan.

This photograph shows earth as a barely perceptible dot travelling in the dark expanse of space.

Some Perspective

At some distance, the Earth becomes barely perceptible. Humans, along with all other living organisms, are temporary voyagers in a vast, expansive system.

From cosmologist Carl Sagan:
"Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there-on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot.

Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.

The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.

It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known."

REFERENCES

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